Cylinder of internal-combustion engines



G. CATTANEO.

CYLINDER 0E INTERNAL coIvIBusIIoN ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27. 191B.

Patented May 16, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR n l a EW www im.. www .C .A G

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1918.

G. CATTANEO.

CYLINDER 0E INTERNAL CONBUSTION ENGINES.

Patent-ed May 16, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

|NVENTOR Giustino Ca faneo ATTORNEY G. CATTANEO.

CYLINDER 0E INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1918.

l ,41 6, 179, lPatented. May 16, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATTORNEY G. CATTANEO. CYLINDER 0F INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 191B.

1,416, 1"?6, Patented May 16, 1922.

4 SHEIETS-SHEET 4. J

if M #Lab/f ATTORNEY om'rsn srA'res GIUSTINO CATTANEO, OF MILAN, ITALY.

CYLINDER OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Spe/cication of Letters Patent.

Application led April 27, 1918.

Patented May 16, 1922.

serial No. 231,284.

`(GRAN'.1.`EIIJ UNDER THE PROVISIONS 0F THE'CT O IE MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. Il., 1313.)

To all whom it may conce/m.'

Be it known that I, GIUsTrNo CATTANEO, employe, a subject of the King of Italy, resident of Milan in the Kingdom of Italy, No. 79 Via Monte Rosa, have invented new and useful Improvements vin the Cylinders of Internal-Combustion Engines, (for which I have filed an application in Italy April is, 1917, Patent N0.159,484, Ma.y,1917,) of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to cylinders for internal combustion engines and has for its principal object to provide the cylinder or cylinders of such engines with water jackets which will be both light and strong, and which, furthermore, may be readily assembled therewith and detached therefrom for purposes of inspection and repair.

It is well known that water jackets cast in one piece with the cylinders or made integral therewith are necessarily muclr heavier than required by the function they have to perform, owing to practical diiiiculties in casting bodies having walls which differ considerably in thickness. It has therefore been proposed to use separate steel or aluminum jackets which were'united to the cylinders by.` Welding. In addition to the fact`that the welding was often expensive and diiiicult to perform, these jackets were thus permanently secured to the cylinders. Now, I have found that considerable advantages are obtained by detachably securing water jackets of sheet metal to the cylinder walls, locating the valve seats in the end walls of the cylinders, and detachably securing thel cylinder heads to such end walls, and my present invention contemplates the provision of single and multi-cylinder structures with these features incorporated therein.

Referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, several embodiments of my invention Figs. 1, 2, 3 are diagrammatic illustrations, in cross and longitudinal section and plan respectively, of a set of cylinders-the superstructure of which is removed; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are similar sections and plan of 'a modified construction and Fig. 7 shows a further modified construction of a cylinder head.

With reference to Fig. 1, 2 and 3 the cylinders proper -'c`-c`, are closed at the top bythe end walls gwhich form. the explosion chambers and in lwhich are contained the seats -d-dfor the inlet and exhaust valves. At the lower end a flange -af- 1s fitted to the cylinders and serves to vsecure the cylinders to the crank case-g' at the top a further ange is provided forming an extension of the upper surface of thev cylinder end. The water jacket ,round the cylinder is 'closed at the bottom by a plate encircling the two cylinders to which it is welded by the autogenous process.

Further, the two cylinders are welded together bythe same process at the points '--awhere the respective flanges -band -ameet together, so that they form a single block. A

0n the surface formed by the top anges '-band cylinder bottom -grests the cylinder head -gwhich is an aluminium casting whlch serves as guide at -f-f* for the inlet and exhaust valves, and as in let and exhaust chambers for said valves at -h-L-. The cylinder head supports the camshaft controlling-the inlet and exhaust valves and closes at -o the water jacket for cooling the-cylinder end and-the valve box; the cylinder head has no parts in common with the explosion` chamber, the latter being formedl only by the cylinders.

The cylinder head is secured to the cylinders by a set of bolts -e-- so Aas to form a rigid whole and to ensure the perfect tightness of the two adjacent surfaces.

The outer shell Z- of the water jacket consists yof sheet steel or other metal, the top end of which is secured to the outer surface of the cylinder head -g-, and the bottom end of the flange of the plate /1-, n

said connections are secured by means of screws, the joints being suitably packed. The resulting water jacket---fn'Fv surrounding the cylinder is perfectly air-tight and has no communication whatever with the explosion chamber. The connection between the cylinder jacket nfand the head acket -ois made through a set of ports +20-, which may be so distributed round the cylinder end as to ensure a more activewater circulation where the parts are more liable to be heated.

The studs -Jm-/W- for the spark plu are fixed to the cylinder in any suitab e manner, and the air-tightness of the water jacket can be obtained by means ei'tlierof a blocking nut or of a set of lscrews with suitable packing as shown. in Fig. 1.

Figs. 4, 5, 6 show a similar arrangement; here however the upper flange b of the cylinders is welded on to the cylinders by the autogenous process just like the bottom plate of the water jacket. The jacket shell ZI- is fixed to the ianges j t and bindependently from the cylinder head either by screwing or welding. The bolts -ein this case, beside securing -gto the cylinder and ensuring a tight joint between the two connecting surfaces, and therewith also between the water jackets -fnfand -o-, must ensure also the air-tightness of 9%.

In orderl to prevent the cylinder ends being deformed by the pressure'exerted thereon by the'explosion reinforcing ribs r- (Figs. l, 2, 3) may be provided. on the said ends, or the ends may be strengthened by providing a stronger connection of the saine with the cylinder head through dowel pins c-kas shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

The bottom of thecylinder instead of -lat shape can be conical or ball shaped, as fo'r instance when the axis ofthe valve spindles is not parallel to the cylinder axis,` this case being illustrated in Fig. 7.

` The figures illustrate the case of two cylinders arranged in a single set, but the method can be applied also to single cylinders as well as to sets of three, four or more cylinders.

The advantages afforded by the arrangement above described are obvious; owing to the ease of construction which involves no special diiiculties as to casting or' workmanship. The maximum lightness is obtained since the weight of the various cylinder portions can be distributed according to the duty they are to perform without prejudicing their strength nor complicating their workmanship. l

The chief advantage however lies in the possibility of constructing the cylinders in two parts without prejudicing at all the tightness of the explosion chamber, the lattei being formed by one Vof the two parts on y.

Having now described my invention and how the same is to be carried out, what I claim as my invention, is:

l. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, valve seats in the end wall of said cylinder, a cylinder head detachably secured to the end wall of said cylinder, said cylinder head comprising gas and air conduits, valve supporting and guiding means and a water jacket, a plate encircling the cylinder and welded thereto, and a jacket of sheet metal detachably Secured to said cylinder head and plate and forming with the cylinder walls and said plate a watertight receptacle.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, valve seats in the end wall of said cylinder, an outer ange on said cylinder in alignment with the end wall thereof, a cylinder head bolted to said iange, said cylinder head comprising gas and air conduits, valve supporting and guiding means and a water jacket, a plate encircling the cylinder and welded thereto, a jacket of sheet metal screwed to said fiange and plate and forming with the cylinder walls and plate a watertight receptacle, and ports through said iange connecting said receptacle with the water jacket in the cylinder head.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders arrangedy side by side, valve seats in the end walls of said cylinders, two plates encircling said cylinders and welded thereto, one of said plates being in alignment with the end walls of said cylinders, acommoii cylinder head bolted to the latter plate, said cylinder head comprising gas and air conduits, valve supporting and guiding means anda water jacket, a jacket of sheet metal screwed to both said plates and forming therewith and with the cylinder walls a water tight receptacle, and a connection through one of said plates between said receptacle and the water jacket in the cylinder head.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

- 'GIUSTINO CATTANEO. 

